Voltage Error
I crunched another ~5 Hours trying to fix the original system and set up the new top system. I was searching for the source of the error that had dropped the voltage on the breadboard rails, and after inspecting every cable and rail, I found out that the problem was caused by the ESP32 sending packets too frequently, thus creating a disturbance in the voltage. I got around that problem by increasing the voltage until the system turned on, which, in my case, meant that because I increased the contrast a lot, the event was turning a row of empty squares into two rows. This was different from the fast flashing problem, and it was really hard to detect.
Top Circuit
I also assembled the other circuit after I fixed the first one, and I had some troubleshooting with the ESP-NOW connection and the screen receiving the low voltage. I broke a few solder joints along the way, and I had to combine the male-to-male and female-to-female cables to get the necessary male-to-female cable, which helped me identify some of the faulty cables that had been hiding.